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Canada's land is composed of thirteen parts: ten provinces and three territories.
Canada is governed on the principles of a federation: the Provinces' governments
share power with the Government of Canada (the federal government). The territories'
governments have a more limited set of powers versus the federal government than
that of the provinces'. The provinces are located in the south of Canada, and
the territories are in the north, where fewer people live.
Local government in Canada lies at a lower level than federal and provincial government,
it includes general municipalities, school boards and regional authorities.
Most local governments are formed by charters or acts granted by the province/territory.
Local governments are not mentioned in the Canadian Constitution other than to say
they are the responsibility of the provinces. Consequently, municipalities can be
created, amalgamated, or disbanded at the whim of the provincial/territorial government
which controls them. They are also limited in the amount of interaction they have
with the federal government because this would infringe upon an area of provincial
jurisdiction.
Since each province is responsible for creating local governments in its own territory,
the names, functions, and powers of local bodies vary widely across the country.
Local governments generally have limited powers, namely creating local by-laws and
taxation, property tax.
Municipal governments are governed by elected councils such as County Council, City
Council, Borough Council, Reginal Council
Source:
Wikipedia
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